Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-7 (of 7 Records) |
Query Trace: Jayanthi P[original query] |
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Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Tests Performed by a Large National Laboratory - United States, 2019-2020.
Tao G , Dietz S , Hartnett KP , Jayanthi P , Gift TL . Sex Transm Dis 2022 49 (7) 490-496 BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, disruptions were anticipated in the US health care system for routine preventive and other nonemergency care, including STI care. METHODS: Using a large national laboratory dataset, we assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the weekly numbers and percent positivity of chlamydia and gonorrhea tests ordered from the 5th week of 2019 to the 52nd week of 2020 in the US. We compared weekly 2020 values for test volume, percent positive, and number of positives to the same week in 2019. We also examined the potential impact of stay-at-home orders for the month of April 2020. RESULTS: Immediately following the declaration of a national emergency for COVID-19 (week 11, 2020), the weekly number of gonorrhea and chlamydia tests steeply decreased. Tests then rebounded toward the 2019 pre-COVID-19 level beginning the 15th week of 2020. The weekly percent positive of chlamydia and gonorrhea remained consistently higher in 2020. In April 2020, the overall number of chlamydia tests were reduced by 53.0% (54.1% in states with stay-at-home orders versus 45.5% in states without stay-at-home orders), while the percent positive of chlamydia and gonorrhea tests increased by 23.5% and 79.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: To limit the impact of the pandemic on control of chlamydia and gonorrhea, public health officials and healthcare providers can assess measures put in place during the pandemic and develop new interventions to enable care for STIs to be delivered under pandemic and other emergency conditions. The assessment like this study is continuously needed. |
Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Reported Lyme Disease, United States, 2020.
McCormick DW , Kugeler KJ , Marx GE , Jayanthi P , Dietz S , Mead P , Hinckley AF . Emerg Infect Dis 2021 27 (10) 2715-2717 Surveys indicate US residents spent more time outdoors in 2020 than in 2019, but fewer tick bite-related emergency department visits and Lyme disease laboratory tests were reported. Despite ongoing exposure, Lyme disease case reporting for 2020 might be artificially reduced due to coronavirus disease-associated changes in healthcare-seeking behavior. |
Changes in Seasonal Respiratory Illnesses in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Rodgers L , Sheppard M , Smith A , Dietz S , Jayanthi P , Yuan Y , Bull L , Wotiz S , Schwarze T , Azondekon R , Hartnett K , Adjemian J , Kirking HL , Kite Powell A . Clin Infect Dis 2021 73 S110-S117 BACKGROUND: Respiratory tract infections are common, often seasonal, and caused by multiple pathogens. We assessed whether seasonal respiratory illness patterns changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We categorized emergency department (ED) visits reported to the National Syndromic Surveillance Program according to chief complaints and diagnosis codes, excluding visits with diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infections. For each week during March 1, 2020 through December 26, 2020 ("pandemic period"), we compared the proportion of ED visits in each respiratory category with the proportion of visits in that category during the corresponding weeks of 2017-2019 ("pre-pandemic period"). We analyzed positivity of respiratory viral tests from two independent clinical laboratories. RESULTS: During March 2020, cough, shortness of breath, and influenza-like illness accounted for twice as many ED visits compared with the pre-pandemic period. During the last four months of 2020, all respiratory conditions, except shortness of breath, accounted for a smaller proportion of ED visits than during the pre-pandemic period. Percent positivity for influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, human parainfluenza virus, adenoviruses, and human metapneumovirus were lower in 2020 than 2019. Although test volume decreased, percent positivity was higher for rhinovirus/enterovirus during the final weeks of 2020 compared with 2019; with ED visits similar to the pre-pandemic period. DISCUSSION: Broad reductions in respiratory test positivity and respiratory emergency department visits (excluding COVID-19) occurred during 2020. Interventions for mitigating spread of SARS-CoV-2 likely also reduced transmission of other pathogens. Timely surveillance is needed to understand community health threats, particularly when current trends deviate from seasonal norms. |
Interlaboratory Evaluation of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Escherichia coli Identification Microarray for Profiling Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli.
Patel IR , Gangiredla J , Lacher DW , Mammel MK , Bagi L , Baranzoni GM , Fratamico PM , Roberts EL , Deb Roy C , Lindsey RL , VStoneburg D , Martin H , Smith P , Strockbine NA , Elkins CA , Scheutz F , Feng PCH . J Food Prot 2018 81 (8) 1275-1282 The U.S. Food and Drug Administration Escherichia coli Identification (FDA-ECID) microarray provides rapid molecular characterization of E. coli. The effectiveness of the FDA-ECID for characterizing Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) was evaluated by three federal laboratories and one reference laboratory with a panel of 54 reference E. coli strains from the External Quality Assurance program. Strains were tested by FDA-ECID for molecular serotyping (O and H antigens), Shiga toxin subtyping, and the presence of the ehxA and eae genes for enterohemolysin and intimin, respectively. The FDA-ECID O typing was 96% reproducible among the four laboratories and 94% accurate compared with the reference External Quality Assurance data. Discrepancies were due to the absence of O41 target loci on the array and to two pairs of O types with identical target sequences. H typing was 96% reproducible and 100% accurate, with discrepancies due to two strains from one laboratory that were identified as mixed by FDA-ECID. Shiga toxin (Stx) type 1 subtyping was 100% reproducible and accurate, and Stx2 subtyping was 100% reproducible but only 64% accurate. FDA-ECID identified most Stx2 subtypes but had difficulty distinguishing among stx2a, stx2c, and stx2d genes because of close similarities of these sequences. FDA-ECID was 100% effective for detecting ehxA and eae and accurately subtyped the eae alleles. This interlaboratory study revealed that FDA-ECID for STEC characterization was highly reproducible for molecular serotyping, stx and eae subtyping, and ehxA detection. However, the array was less useful for distinguishing among the highly homologous O antigen genes and the stx2a, stx2c, and stx2d subtypes. |
DNA microarray-based assessment of virulence potential of Shiga toxin gene-carrying Escherichia coli O104:H7 isolated from feedlot cattle feces.
Shridhar PB , Patel IR , Gangiredla J , Noll LW , Shi X , Bai J , Elkins CA , Strockbine N , Nagaraja TG . PLoS One 2018 13 (4) e0196490 Escherichia coli O104:H4, a hybrid pathotype reported in a large 2011 foodborne outbreak in Germany, has not been detected in cattle feces. However, cattle harbor and shed in the feces other O104 serotypes, particularly O104:H7, which has been associated with sporadic cases of diarrhea in humans. The objective of our study was to assess the virulence potential of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) O104:H7 isolated from feces of feedlot cattle using DNA microarray. Six strains of STEC O104:H7 isolated from cattle feces were analyzed using FDA-E. coli Identification (ECID) DNA microarray to determine their virulence profiles and compare them to the human strains (clinical) of O104:H7, STEC O104:H4 (German outbreak strain), and O104:H21 (milk-associated Montana outbreak strain). Scatter plots were generated from the array data to visualize the gene-level differences between bovine and human O104 strains, and Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were determined. Splits tree was generated to analyze relatedness between the strains. All O104:H7 strains, both bovine and human, similar to O104:H4 and O104:H21 outbreak strains were negative for intimin (eae). The bovine strains were positive for Shiga toxin 1 subtype c (stx1c), enterohemolysin (ehxA), tellurite resistance gene (terD), IrgA homolog protein (iha), type 1 fimbriae (fimH), and negative for genes that code for effector proteins of type III secretory system. The six cattle O104 strains were closely related (r = 0.86-0.98) to each other, except for a few differences in phage related and non-annotated genes. One of the human clinical O104:H7 strains (2011C-3665) was more closely related to the bovine O104:H7 strains (r = 0.81-0.85) than the other four human clinical O104:H7 strains (r = 0.75-0.79). Montana outbreak strain (O104:H21) was more closely related to four of the human clinical O104:H7 strains than the bovine O104:H7 strains. None of the bovine E. coli O104 strains carried genes characteristic of E. coli O104:H4 German outbreak strain and unlike other human strains were also negative for Shiga toxin 2. Because cattle E. coli O104:H7 strains possess stx1c and genes that code for enterohemolysin and a variety of adhesins, the serotype has the potential to be a diarrheagenic foodborne pathogen in humans. |
Genetic Analysis of Virulence Potential of Escherichia coli O104 Serotypes Isolated From Cattle Feces Using Whole Genome Sequencing.
Shridhar PB , Patel IR , Gangiredla J , Noll LW , Shi X , Bai J , Elkins CA , Strockbine NA , Nagaraja TG . Front Microbiol 2018 9 (MAR) (341) 341 Escherichia coli O104:H4, a Shiga toxin-producing hybrid pathotype that was implicated in a major foodborne outbreak in Germany in 2011, has not been detected in cattle. However, serotypes of O104, other than O104:H4, have been isolated from cattle feces, with O104:H7 being the most predominant. In this study, we investigated, based on whole genome sequence analyses, the virulence potential of E. coli O104 strains isolated from cattle feces, since cattle are asymptomatic carriers of E. coli O104. The genomes of ten bovine E. coli O104 strains (six O104:H7, one O104:H8, one O104:H12, and two O104:H23) and five O104:H7 isolated from human clinical cases were sequenced. Of all the bovine O104 serotypes (H7, H8, H12, and H23) that were included in the study, only E. coli O104:H7 serotype possessed Shiga toxins. Four of the six bovine O104:H7 strains and one of the five human strains carried stx1c. Three human O104 strains carried stx2, two were of subtype 2a, and one was 2d. Genomes of stx carrying bovine O104:H7 strains were larger than the stx-negative strains of O104:H7 or other serotypes. The genome sizes were proportional to the number of genes carried on the mobile genetic elements (phages, prophages, transposable elements and plasmids). Both bovine and human strains were negative for intimin and other genes associated with the type III secretory system and non-LEE encoded effectors. Plasmid-encoded virulence genes (ehxA, epeA, espP, katP) were also present in bovine and human strains. All O104 strains were negative for antimicrobial resistance genes, except one human strain. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that bovine E. coli O104 strains carrying the same flagellar antigen clustered together and STEC strains clustered separately from non-STEC strains. One of the human O104:H7 strains was phylogenetically closely related to and belonged to the same sequence type (ST-1817) as the bovine O104:H7 STEC strains. This suggests that the bovine feces could be a source of human illness caused by E. coli O104:H7 serotype. Because bovine O104:H7 strains carried virulence genes similar to human clinical strains and one of the human clinical strains was phylogenetically related to bovine strains, the serotype has the potential to be a diarrheagenic pathogen in humans. Copyright © 2018 Shridhar, Patel, Gangiredla, Noll, Shi, Bai, Elkins, Strockbine and Nagaraja. |
Draft Genome Sequences of Escherichia coli O104 Strains of Bovine and Human Origin.
Shridhar PB , Patel IR , Gangiredla J , Mammel MK , Noll L , Shi X , Bai J , Elkins CA , Strockbine N , Nagaraja TG . Genome Announc 2017 5 (33) Cattle harbor and shed in their feces several Escherichia coli O104 serotypes. All O104 strains examined were intimin negative and belonged to the B1 phylogroup, and some were Shiga toxigenic. We report here the genome sequences of bovine O104:H7 (n = 5), O104:H23 (n = 2), O104:H8 (n = 1), and O104:H12 (n = 1) isolates and human clinical isolates of O104:H7 (n = 5). |
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